Warning Signs And General Road Signs

The purpose of warning signs is to inform road users in a timely manner of unexpected conditions that may exist on or near the road, and to remind road users to slow down or take other necessary action in the interest of safe and speedy passage.

The purpose of warning signs is to inform road users of unexpected conditions that may exist on or near the road, and to alert road users to slow down or take other necessary action for safe and speedy passage.

The use of warning signs is subject to engineering judgment and research and should be avoided if possible. Misuse of warning signs may encourage contempt for the signs in question.

All warning signage is diamond-shaped, i.e., squares with vertical diagonals.

The color of the backing of the warning sign is yellow, and the layout information, including graphics and text, is colored in black; in addition, the borders of the warning signs are all black

The border of the warning sign is also black.

For warning signs for pedestrians, bicycles, schools, etc., the backing color can be fluorescent yellow-green.

The use of warning signs is categorized into the following four types.

(1) Warning signs about roads, such as changes in flat and longitudinal curves (turns, reverse curves, continuous curves, truck refuge lanes, etc.), cross-sections (single lane), or narrow road bridges, end roads, etc. or narrow road bridges, end roads, separated driving, etc.) and road conditions (rain slippage, shoulders, bumps, deceleration mounds, etc.); and

(2) Warning signs about traffic, such as forward traffic control (stop sign ahead, yield ahead, signal ahead, etc.), traffic flow (lane merging, end of lane, no overtaking, etc.), and roadway conditions (single-lane or narrow bridges, divided driving, etc.); and heads, no overtaking, etc.), speed changes (recommended exit speeds, no stopping for lateral traffic, etc.), intersections (cross roads, circular intersections, off-ramps, etc.)

, motorized vehicles (ambulances, crossover trucks, etc.).

(3) Warning signs regarding non-motorized crossing such as pedestrians, bicycles, animals, etc;

(4) Ancillary signage such as recommended speed limits, distances, directional arrows, hillsides, street names, end roads, etc.

With respect to warning signs for low-traffic-volume roadways, temporary traffic control, highway-railroad crossings, schools, and bicycle facilities, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices provides specific provisions.

It should be emphasized that the size of warning signs, like prohibition signs, should be selected to differentiate between different types of roadways, visibility requirements, etc.

Warning signs should be placed to meet the general requirements of the previous location of traffic signs.

Specifically, the location of warning signs to consider in detail the road users in the process of Perception, Identification, Emotion and Volition, the overall time required.

Usually, the PIEV time is related to the road user, road conditions, traffic conditions and environmental conditions, and is usually around 6s.

Therefore, the frontage distance of warning signs is determined according to the PIEV time in different situations.

For warning signs whose specific location cannot be determined, such as animals crossing the road, their placement needs to be decided according to engineering judgment.

Ordinary road wayfinding signs

For ordinary roads, the purpose of wayfinding signs is to provide guidance to road users along the road in a clear and simple way, including the names of intersecting roads, the relevant

intersecting roads, directions to relevant cities, towns, villages or other destinations, nearby rivers, parks, forests and historic towns.

Ordinary road wayfinding signs, applicable only to highways and urban roads other than freeways, expressways, and low-traffic roads.

On roadways, the layout message of either a single wayfinding sign or a group of wayfinding signs should be in white text or graphics with a green backing and a white border.

Furthermore, all text or graphics, backing and border should have the specified illumination or reflective properties.

The dimensions of ordinary roadway wayfinding signs are highly variable and the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices does not specify a standard size.

For specific design, the size can be determined based on a combination of message length, character size and spacing, and readability requirements.

Design can also use the U.S. Federal Highway Administration “Standard Highway Signs” recommended standardized size, especially some standard, commonly used wayfinding signs, such as roadway names.

The text letters of wayfinding signs for ordinary roads should be capitalized.

When lower case is used, begin with a capital letter. Letter size and character spacing will directly affect the readability of the sign.

In determining the legibility distance of wayfinding signs, due consideration should be given to the effects of possible negligence, vehicle obstruction, adverse weather, visual ability, etc.

Under ideal conditions, it should be possible to read a wayfinding sign with a brief glance.

The layout information of ordinary road directional signs should be designed taking into account the relevant spacing between lines and the distance between the layout information and the edges.

The height of the main layout information (including text or graphics, etc.) should not be less than 150mm for capital letters or numerals and 100mm for lower case letters.

For elevated signs, the height of characters, spacing of character rows and spacing of characters to edges, etc. can be appropriately reduced when limited by lane widths and clearances, etc.

Excessively long layout information will be difficult to read at a glance.

The general principle is that relevant layout information (patterns, text, etc.) should be no longer than three lines in length.

When two or more pages utilize the same support structure, while highlighting the main information, such as place names, road names, etc., it is necessary to try to reduce the length of the page information.

For ordinary roads, the main wayfinding signs are road names, road numbers, arrows, place names, intersections, curves and so on.